多平台 Gradle DSL 参考

Kotlin 多平台 Gradle 插件是用于创建 Kotlin 多平台项目的工具。 这里我们提供了它的参考;在为 Kotlin 多平台项目编写 Gradle 构建脚本时, 用它作提醒。 Learn the concepts of Kotlin Multiplatform projects, how to create and configure them.

id 与版本

Kotlin 多平台 Gradle 插件的全限定名是 org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform。 如果你使用 Kotlin Gradle DSL,那么你可以通过 kotlin("multiplatform") 来应用插件。 插件版本与 Kotlin 发行版本相匹配。最新的版本是:1.9.24。


【Kotlin】

plugins {
    kotlin("multiplatform") version "1.9.24"
}

【Groovy】

plugins {
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform' version '1.9.24'
}

顶层块

kotlin 是在 Gradle 构建脚本中用于配置多平台项目的顶层块。 kotlin 块内,你可以使用以下块:

介绍
\<目标名称> 声明项目的特定目标,所有可用的目标名称已陈列在目标部分中.
targets 项目的所有目标。
presets 所有预定义的目标。使用这个同时配置多个预定义目标
sourceSets 配置预定义和声明自定义项目的源代码集

目标

目标 是构建的一部分,负责构建编译、测试、以及针对某个已支持平台打包软件。 Kotlin provides target presets for each platform. See how to use a target preset.

Each target can have one or more compilations. In addition to default compilations for test and production purposes, you can create custom compilations.

多平台项目的目标kotlin 块中的相应代码块中描述,例如:jvmandroid 以及 iosArm64。 以下是可用目标的完整列表:

Target platform Target preset Comments
Kotlin/JVM jvm
Kotlin/JS js

Select the execution environment:

  • browser {} for applications running in the browser.
  • nodejs {} for applications running on Node.js.

Learn more in Setting up a Kotlin/JS project.

Kotlin/Native

Learn about currently supported targets for the macOS, Linux, and Windows hosts in Kotlin/Native target support.

Android applications and libraries android

Manually apply an Android Gradle plugin: com.android.application or com.android.library.

You can only create one Android target per Gradle subproject.

A target that is not supported by the current host is ignored during building and, therefore, not published.

kotlin {
    jvm()
    iosX64()
    macosX64()
    js().browser()
}

目标的配置项可以包含这两个部分:

Each target can have one or more compilations.

公共目标配置

In any target block, you can use the following declarations:

Name Description
attributes Attributes used for disambiguating targets for a single platform.
preset The preset that the target has been created from, if any.
platformType Designates the Kotlin platform of this target. Available values: jvm, androidJvm, js, native, common.
artifactsTaskName The name of the task that builds the resulting artifacts of this target.
components The components used to setup Gradle publications.

JVM 目标

In addition to common target configuration, jvm targets have a specific function:

Name Description
withJava() Includes Java sources into the JVM target's compilations.

Use this function for projects that contain both Java and Kotlin source files. Note that the default source directories for Java sources don't follow the Java plugin's defaults. Instead, they are derived from the Kotlin source sets. For example, if the JVM target has the default name jvm, the paths are src/jvmMain/java (for production Java sources) and src/jvmTest/java for test Java sources. Learn more about Java sources in JVM compilations.

kotlin {
    jvm {
        withJava()
    } 
}

JavaScript 目标

The js block describes the configuration of JavaScript targets. It can contain one of two blocks depending on the target execution environment:

Name Description
browser Configuration of the browser target.
nodejs Configuration of the Node.js target.

Learn more about configuring Kotlin/JS projects.

Browser

browser can contain the following configuration blocks:

Name Description
testRuns Configuration of test execution.
runTask Configuration of project running.
webpackTask Configuration of project bundling with Webpack.
dceTask Configuration of Dead Code Elimination.
distribution Path to output files.
kotlin {
    js().browser {
        webpackTask { /* ... */ }
        testRuns { /* ... */ }
        dceTask {
            keep("myKotlinJsApplication.org.example.keepFromDce")
        }
        distribution {
            directory = File("$projectDir/customdir/")
        }
    }
}

Node.js

nodejs can contain configurations of test and run tasks:

Name Description
testRuns Configuration of test execution.
runTask Configuration of project running.
kotlin {
    js().nodejs {
        runTask { /* ... */ }
        testRuns { /* ... */ }
    }
}

原生目标

For native targets, the following specific blocks are available:

Name Description
binaries Configuration of binaries to produce.
cinterops Configuration of interop with C libraries.

Binaries

There are the following kinds of binaries:

Name Description
executable Product executable.
test Test executable.
sharedLib Shared library.
staticLib Static library.
framework Objective-C framework.
kotlin {
    linuxX64 { // Use your target instead.
        binaries {
            executable {
                // Binary configuration.
            }
        }
    }
}

For binary configuration, the following parameters are available:

Name Description
compilation The compilation from which the binary is built. By default, test binaries are based on the test compilation while other binaries - on the main compilation.
linkerOpts Options passed to a system linker during binary building.
baseName Custom base name for the output file. The final file name will be formed by adding system-dependent prefix and postfix to this base name.
entryPoint The entry point function for executable binaries. By default, it's main() in the root package.
outputFile Access to the output file.
linkTask Access to the link task.
runTask Access to the run task for executable binaries. For targets other than linuxX64, macosX64, or mingwX64 the value is null.
isStatic For Objective-C frameworks. Includes a static library instead of a dynamic one.

【Kotlin】

binaries {
    executable("my_executable", listOf(RELEASE)) {
        // Build a binary on the basis of the test compilation.
        compilation = compilations["test"]

        // Custom command line options for the linker.
        linkerOpts = mutableListOf("-L/lib/search/path", "-L/another/search/path", "-lmylib")

        // Base name for the output file.
        baseName = "foo"

        // Custom entry point function.
        entryPoint = "org.example.main"

        // Accessing the output file.
        println("Executable path: ${outputFile.absolutePath}")

        // Accessing the link task.
        linkTask.dependsOn(additionalPreprocessingTask)

        // Accessing the run task.
        // Note that the runTask is null for non-host platforms.
        runTask?.dependsOn(prepareForRun)
    }

    framework("my_framework" listOf(RELEASE)) {
        // Include a static library instead of a dynamic one into the framework.
        isStatic = true
    }
}

【Groovy】

binaries {
    executable('my_executable', [RELEASE]) {
        // Build a binary on the basis of the test compilation.
        compilation = compilations.test

        // Custom command line options for the linker.
        linkerOpts = ['-L/lib/search/path', '-L/another/search/path', '-lmylib']

        // Base name for the output file.
        baseName = 'foo'

        // Custom entry point function.
        entryPoint = 'org.example.main'

        // Accessing the output file.
        println("Executable path: ${outputFile.absolutePath}")

        // Accessing the link task.
        linkTask.dependsOn(additionalPreprocessingTask)

        // Accessing the run task.
        // Note that the runTask is null for non-host platforms.
        runTask?.dependsOn(prepareForRun)
    }

    framework('my_framework' [RELEASE]) {
        // Include a static library instead of a dynamic one into the framework.
        isStatic = true
    }
}

Learn more about building native binaries.

CInterops

cinterops is a collection of descriptions for interop with native libraries. To provide an interop with a library, add an entry to cinterops and define its parameters:

Name Description
defFile def file describing the native API.
packageName Package prefix for the generated Kotlin API.
compilerOpts Options to pass to the compiler by the cinterop tool.
includeDirs Directories to look for headers.

Learn more how to configure interop with native languages.


【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    linuxX64 { // Replace with a target you need.
        compilations.getByName("main") {
            val myInterop by cinterops.creating {
                // Def-file describing the native API.
                // The default path is src/nativeInterop/cinterop/<interop-name>.def
                defFile(project.file("def-file.def"))

                // Package to place the Kotlin API generated.
                packageName("org.sample")

                // Options to be passed to compiler by cinterop tool.
                compilerOpts("-Ipath/to/headers")

                // Directories for header search (an analogue of the -I<path> compiler option).
                includeDirs.allHeaders("path1", "path2")

                // A shortcut for includeDirs.allHeaders.
                includeDirs("include/directory", "another/directory")
            }

            val anotherInterop by cinterops.creating { /* ... */ }
        }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin {
    linuxX64 { // Replace with a target you need.
        compilations.main {
            cinterops {
                myInterop {
                    // Def-file describing the native API.
                    // The default path is src/nativeInterop/cinterop/<interop-name>.def
                    defFile project.file("def-file.def")

                    // Package to place the Kotlin API generated.
                    packageName 'org.sample'

                    // Options to be passed to compiler by cinterop tool.
                    compilerOpts '-Ipath/to/headers'

                    // Directories for header search (an analogue of the -I<path> compiler option).
                    includeDirs.allHeaders("path1", "path2")

                    // A shortcut for includeDirs.allHeaders.
                    includeDirs("include/directory", "another/directory")
                }

                anotherInterop { /* ... */ }
            }
        }
    }
}

Android 目标

The Kotlin Multiplatform plugin contains two specific functions for android targets. Two functions help you configure build variants:

Name Description
publishLibraryVariants() Specifies build variants to publish. Learn more about publishing Android libraries.
publishAllLibraryVariants() Publishes all build variants.
kotlin {
    android {
        publishLibraryVariants("release", "debug")
    }
}

Learn more about compilation for Android.

The android configuration inside kotlin doesn't replace the build configuration of any Android project. Learn more about writing build scripts for Android projects in Android developer documentation.

源代码集

The sourceSets block describes source sets of the project. A source set contains Kotlin source files that participate in compilations together, along with their resources, dependencies, and language settings.

A multiplatform project contains predefined source sets for its targets; developers can also create custom source sets for their needs.

预定义源代码集

Predefined source sets are set up automatically upon creation of a multiplatform project. Available predefined source sets are the following:

Name Description
commonMain Code and resources shared between all platforms. Available in all multiplatform projects. Used in all main compilations of a project.
commonTest Test code and resources shared between all platforms. Available in all multiplatform projects. Used in all test compilations of a project.
\\ Target-specific sources for a compilation. \ is the name of a predefined target and \ is the name of a compilation for this target. Examples: jsTest, jvmMain.

With Kotlin Gradle DSL, the sections of predefined source sets should be marked by getting.


【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        val commonMain by getting { /* ... */ }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        commonMain { /* ... */ } 
    }
}

Learn more about source sets.

自定义源代码集

Custom source sets are created by the project developers manually. To create a custom source set, add a section with its name inside the sourceSets section. If using Kotlin Gradle DSL, mark custom source sets by creating.


【Kotlin】

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        val myMain by creating { /* ... */ } // create a new source set by the name 'MyMain'
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        myMain { /* ... */ } // create or configure a source set by the name 'myMain' 
    }
}

Note that a newly created source set isn't connected to other ones. To use it in the project's compilations, connect it with other source sets.

源代码集参数

Configurations of source sets are stored inside the corresponding blocks of sourceSets. A source set has the following parameters:

Name Description
kotlin.srcDir Location of Kotlin source files inside the source set directory.
resources.srcDir Location of resources inside the source set directory.
dependsOn Connection with another source set.
dependencies 依赖项 of the source set.
languageSettings 语言设置 applied to the source set.

【Kotlin】

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        val commonMain by getting {
            kotlin.srcDir("src")
            resources.srcDir("res")

            dependencies {
                /* ... */
            }
        }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        commonMain {
            kotlin.srcDir('src')
            resources.srcDir('res')

            dependencies {
                /* ... */
            }
        }
    }
}

编译项

A target can have one or more compilations, for example, for production or testing. There are predefined compilations that are added automatically upon target creation. You can additionally create custom compilations.

To refer to all or some particular compilations of a target, use the compilations object collection. From compilations, you can refer to a compilation by its name.

Learn more about configuring compilations.

预定义编译项

Predefined compilations are created automatically for each target of a project except for Android targets. Available predefined compilations are the following:

Name Description
main Compilation for production sources.
test Compilation for tests.

【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    jvm {
        val main by compilations.getting {
            output // get the main compilation output
        }

        compilations["test"].runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin {
    jvm {
        compilations.main.output // get the main compilation output
        compilations.test.runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }
}

自定义编译项

In addition to predefined compilations, you can create your own custom compilations. To create a custom compilation, add a new item into the compilations collection. If using Kotlin Gradle DSL, mark custom compilations by creating.

Learn more about creating a custom compilation.


【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    jvm() {
        compilations {
            val integrationTest by compilations.creating {
                defaultSourceSet {
                    dependencies {
                        /* ... */
                    }
                }

                // Create a test task to run the tests produced by this compilation:
                tasks.register<Test>("integrationTest") {
                    /* ... */
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin {
    jvm() {
        compilations.create('integrationTest') {
            defaultSourceSet {
                dependencies {
                    /* ... */
                }
            }

            // Create a test task to run the tests produced by this compilation:
            tasks.register('jvmIntegrationTest', Test) {
                /* ... */
            }
        }
    }
}

编译项参数

A compilation has the following parameters:

Name Description
defaultSourceSet The compilation's default source set.
kotlinSourceSets Source sets participating in the compilation.
allKotlinSourceSets Source sets participating in the compilation and their connections via dependsOn().
compilerOptions Compiler options applied to the compilation. For the list of available options, see Compiler options.
compileKotlinTask Gradle task for compiling Kotlin sources.
compileKotlinTaskName Name of compileKotlinTask.
compileAllTaskName Name of the Gradle task for compiling all sources of a compilation.
output The compilation output.
compileDependencyFiles Compile-time dependency files (classpath) of the compilation.
runtimeDependencyFiles Runtime dependency files (classpath) of the compilation.

【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    jvm {
        val main by compilations.getting {
            compilerOptions.configure { 
                // Set up the Kotlin compiler options for the 'main' compilation:
                jvmTarget.set(JvmTarget.JVM_1_8)
            }

            compileKotlinTask // get the Kotlin task 'compileKotlinJvm' 
            output // get the main compilation output
        }

        compilations["test"].runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }

    // Configure all compilations of all targets:
    targets.all {
        compilations.all {
            compilerOptions.configure {
                allWarningsAsErrors.set(true)
            }
        }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin {
    jvm {
        compilations.main.compilerOptions.configure { 
            // Setup the Kotlin compiler options for the 'main' compilation:
            jvmTarget.set(JvmTarget.JVM_1_8)
        }

        compilations.main.compileKotlinTask // get the Kotlin task 'compileKotlinJvm' 
        compilations.main.output // get the main compilation output
        compilations.test.runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }

    // Configure all compilations of all targets:
    targets.all {
        compilations.all {
            compilerOptions.configure {
                allWarningsAsError.set(true)
            }
        }
    }
}

依赖项

The dependencies block of the source set declaration contains the dependencies of this source set.

Learn more about configuring dependencies.

There are four types of dependencies:

Name Description
api Dependencies used in the API of the current module.
implementation Dependencies used in the module but not exposed outside it.
compileOnly Dependencies used only for compilation of the current module.
runtimeOnly Dependencies available at runtime but not visible during compilation of any module.

【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        val commonMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                api("com.example:foo-metadata:1.0")
            }
        }
        val jvmMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation("com.example:foo-jvm:1.0")
            }
        }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        commonMain {
            dependencies {
                api 'com.example:foo-metadata:1.0'
            }
        }
        jvmMain {
            dependencies {
                implementation 'com.example:foo-jvm:1.0'
            }
        }
    }
}

Additionally, source sets can depend on each other and form a hierarchy. In this case, the dependsOn() relation is used.

Source set dependencies can also be declared in the top-level dependencies block of the build script. In this case, their declarations follow the pattern <sourceSetName><DependencyKind>, for example, commonMainApi.


【Kotlin】

dependencies {
    "commonMainApi"("com.example:foo-common:1.0")
    "jvm6MainApi"("com.example:foo-jvm6:1.0")
}

【Groovy】

dependencies {
    commonMainApi 'com.example:foo-common:1.0'
    jvm6MainApi 'com.example:foo-jvm6:1.0'
}

语言设置

The languageSettings block of a source set defines certain aspects of project analysis and build. The following language settings are available:

Name Description
languageVersion Provides source compatibility with the specified version of Kotlin.
apiVersion Allows using declarations only from the specified version of Kotlin bundled libraries.
enableLanguageFeature Enables the specified language feature. The available values correspond to the language features that are currently experimental or have been introduced as such at some point.
optIn Allows using the specified opt-in annotation.
progressiveMode Enables the progressive mode.

【Kotlin】

kotlin {
    sourceSets.all {
        languageSettings.apply {
            languageVersion = "1.8" // possible values: "1.4", "1.5", "1.6", "1.7", "1.8", "1.9"
            apiVersion = "1.8" // possible values: "1.3", "1.4", "1.5", "1.6", "1.7", "1.8", "1.9"
            enableLanguageFeature("InlineClasses") // language feature name
            optIn("kotlin.ExperimentalUnsignedTypes") // annotation FQ-name
            progressiveMode = true // false by default
        }
    }
}

【Groovy】

kotlin {
    sourceSets.all {
        languageSettings {
            languageVersion = '1.8' // possible values: '1.4', '1.5', '1.6', '1.7', '1.8', '1.9'
            apiVersion = '1.8' // possible values: '1.3', '1.4', '1.5', '1.6', '1.7', '1.8', '1.9'
            enableLanguageFeature('InlineClasses') // language feature name
            optIn('kotlin.ExperimentalUnsignedTypes') // annotation FQ-name
            progressiveMode = true // false by default
        }
    }
}